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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

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Shared friends counterbalance shared enemies in old forests.

Sara J Germain1, James A Lutz1

  • 1Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5230, USA.

Ecology
|July 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mycorrhizal networks, not just plant traits, boost large tree survival by reducing threats from enemies. This benefit was not observed in smaller trees or shrubs.

Keywords:
Utah Forest Dynamics PlotWind River Forest Dynamics PlotYosemite Forest Dynamics Plotfacilitationmultitrophic interactionsmycorrhizaeplant-soil feedbacks

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Forest Science
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Mycorrhizal mutualisms are widespread in plant communities, but their role in plant facilitation is debated.
  • It remains unclear if mycorrhizal networks or plant attributes primarily drive positive interactions between plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relative contributions of mycorrhizae and plant characteristics to biotic interactions.
  • To determine if mycorrhizal-associated plant-soil feedbacks mitigate competition and enemies in forest networks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear modeling.
  • Analyzed woody plant survival data from 101,096 individuals across three mixed-conifer forests in western North America.
  • Examined mycorrhizal-guild-specific and mortality-cause-specific survival.

Main Results:

  • Species-rich plant communities indirectly enhanced large tree survival through mycorrhizal networks.
  • Shared mycorrhizae counteracted competition mediated by tree enemies (bark beetles, pathogens) more than diffuse competition.
  • No similar survival benefits were found for small trees or shrubs.

Conclusions:

  • Large-diameter tree survival in species-rich temperate forests is linked to enhanced access to shared mycorrhizal networks.
  • Mycorrhizal networks play a crucial role in mitigating threats from pathogens, bark beetles, and density.
  • Both aboveground and belowground biodiversity are vital for large tree resilience.