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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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New perspectives on propofol allergy.

Jessica L Johnson1, Ashley Hawthorne1, Michael Bounds2

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, William Carey University School of Pharmacy, Biloxi, MS, USA.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
|July 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with egg, soy, or peanut allergies can often safely receive propofol (an intravenous sedative). Current evidence suggests routine avoidance is unnecessary, especially for non-anaphylactic allergies. Further testing can clarify specific triggers.

Keywords:
allergy interviewanaphylaxisfood hypersensitivitypropofol

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Allergology
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Propofol is a widely used intravenous sedative.
  • Historically, propofol has been avoided in patients with egg, soy, or peanut allergies.
  • This avoidance can lead to adverse events, increased costs, and medication errors with alternative agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine the literature on cross-reactivity between food allergies and propofol.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for managing potential allergic reactions to propofol.
  • To offer an alternative perspective on propofol avoidance in patients with food allergies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical propofol allergy warnings and clinical trial data.
  • Assessment of antigenic potential of propofol excipient ingredients.
  • Evaluation of suspected trigger molecules for allergic reactions.

Main Results:

  • Lack of definitive evidence mandates routine propofol avoidance for egg, soy, or peanut allergies.
  • Clinical trial data indicate propofol safety in patients with non-anaphylactic food allergies.
  • Further testing is recommended for patients experiencing allergic reactions to identify specific triggers.

Conclusions:

  • Routine avoidance of propofol in patients with reported egg, soy, or peanut allergies is not definitively supported by evidence.
  • Propofol appears safe for patients with non-anaphylactic food allergies.
  • Pharmacists can guide risk-benefit assessments for propofol use in allergic patients.