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    A new self-fluence-compensated optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) method accurately measures blood oxygen saturation (sO2) in vivo. This technique corrects for optical attenuation, improving accuracy for neurovascular studies and disease diagnosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Medical Imaging
    • Photoacoustics

    Background:

    • Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is valuable for in vivo blood oxygen saturation (sO2) imaging.
    • Existing OR-PAM methods are susceptible to errors caused by wavelength-dependent optical attenuation in superficial tissues.
    • These errors can lead to significant inaccuracies (up to ~60%) in sO2 measurements, impacting applications like neurovascular studies and cancer diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a self-fluence-compensated OR-PAM technique to mitigate errors in sO2 imaging.
    • To improve the accuracy of in vivo sO2 measurements by compensating for wavelength-dependent fluence attenuation.
    • To demonstrate the enhanced capability of the compensated OR-PAM for functional brain imaging and pre-clinical studies of vascular diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a self-fluence-compensated OR-PAM system.
    • Proposal of a linearized model to estimate fluence attenuations.
    • Utilization of three optical wavelengths for accurate sO2 calculation and compensation.

    Main Results:

    • Validation of the compensation method in numerical and physical phantoms, demonstrating effective reduction of sO2 errors.
    • Significant improvement in sO2 accuracy (10-30%) in functional brain imaging, particularly in small vessels.
    • Successful monitoring of ischemic-stroke-induced brain injury, showcasing potential for pre-clinical vascular disease research.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed self-fluence-compensated OR-PAM effectively corrects for optical attenuation, enhancing sO2 measurement accuracy.
    • This improved accuracy is crucial for reliable neurovascular studies and early disease detection.
    • The technique shows significant promise for pre-clinical research into vascular diseases like stroke.