Risk factors for gastric cancer: a large-scale, population-based case-control study

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant health concern, with early detection efforts being a priority in China.
• Understanding risk factors is essential for developing effective screening strategies and identifying high-risk populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the key risk factors associated with gastric cancer (GC).
• To provide evidence-based recommendations for selecting high-risk populations for GC screening.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study was conducted using data from the National Cancer Screening Program in Urban China.
• Risk factors were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression, including BMI, diet, lifestyle, medical history, and family history.
• 215 GC cases and 645 matched controls were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Significant risk factors for GC included cigarette smoking (OR=3.069), alcohol consumption (OR=1.661), and a history of stomach disease (OR=6.917).
• A family history of GC in first-degree relatives (OR=4.291) and overweight/obesity (OR=0.489) were also correlated with GC occurrence.
• Specific stomach conditions like chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric polyposis were positively associated with GC.

Conclusions:

• Individuals who smoke, consume alcohol, have a history of stomach disease, or have a family history of GC are identified as high-risk populations.
• Targeted screening and increased attention towards these high-risk groups are recommended for effective GC prevention and control.