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Pharmacotherapy for artemisinin-resistant malaria
Erik Koehne1,2, Ayola Akim Adegnika1,2, Jana Held1,2
1Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|July 27, 2021
Summary
Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are failing to cure malaria due to resistant Plasmodium falciparum. New antimalarial drugs are urgently needed to combat this growing global health threat.
Area of Science:
- Tropical medicine
- Infectious diseases
- Parasitology
Background:
- Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the primary treatment for malaria.
- Emerging Plasmodium falciparum resistance to ACTs is a significant global health concern, particularly in Southeast Asia.
- The failure of some ACTs necessitates the development of alternative malaria treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review approved antimalarials and novel compounds for malaria treatment.
- To provide an overview of potential therapies for ACT-failing malaria cases.
- To inform strategies for combating drug-resistant malaria.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of scientific literature.
- Literature search conducted using PubMed and World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines.
- Focus on antimalarial drugs in advanced development stages.
Main Results:
- Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) remain effective when local parasite resistance is considered.
- Artesunate-pyronaridine and atovaquone-proguanil are effective and safe for uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
- The emergence of drug resistance threatens current malaria treatment efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Careful selection of ACTs based on local parasite resistance is crucial.
- New antimalarial drug classes must be developed and approved rapidly.
- Safeguarding existing ACTs from resistance is essential for malaria control.
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