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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
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Congenital Heart Disease.

Michael Scott1, Ashley E Neal2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Office of Medical Education, School of Medicine, 571 South Floyd, Suite 412, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

Primary Care
|July 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Most children with congenital heart disease (CHD) now survive into adulthood. Primary care physicians play a vital role in detecting CHD and managing lifelong health issues for these patients.

Keywords:
CHDCongenital heart diseasePatent ductus arteriosusPediatric cardiologyScreening

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Primary Care Medicine

Background:

  • Significant advancements in diagnosis and management have improved survival rates for children with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  • Primary care providers (PCPs) are increasingly involved in the care of adults with CHD.
  • The transition from pediatric to adult care presents unique challenges for individuals with CHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of PCPs in identifying fetuses, infants, and children with potential CHD.
  • To discuss common primary care issues encountered by patients with CHD.
  • To outline strategies for the seamless transition of CHD patients to adult primary care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current diagnostic and management strategies for CHD.
  • Analysis of primary care challenges in managing adult CHD patients.
  • Discussion of best practices for pediatric to adult care transition.

Main Results:

  • PCPs are crucial for early CHD detection and ongoing management.
  • Key issues include growth, development, mental health, and dental care.
  • Effective transition protocols are essential for long-term patient well-being.

Conclusions:

  • PCPs are integral to the comprehensive care of individuals with CHD throughout their lives.
  • Addressing specific health concerns and facilitating care transitions are critical.
  • Continued education and collaboration are needed to optimize outcomes for adults with CHD.