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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
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Smoldering multiple myeloma - Past, present, and future.

Hashim Mann1, Vatsala Katiyar2, Cindy Varga1

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The John Conant Davis Myeloma and Amyloid Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Blood Reviews
|July 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precursor to multiple myeloma, exhibiting varied progression rates. Early intervention strategies, like lenalidomide, show promise in managing this heterogeneous condition.

Keywords:
DexamethasoneLenalidomideMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significanceMultiple myelomaRisk stratificationSmoldering multiple myeloma

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a known precursor to multiple myeloma.
  • SMM exhibits significant heterogeneity, with some patients progressing rapidly and others having indolent disease.
  • Understanding SMM's pathobiology is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical definition and evolution of SMM as a distinct entity.
  • To critically appraise current risk assessment strategies for SMM.
  • To outline a pragmatic approach to SMM management and discuss future therapeutic developments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and genomic markers.
  • Analysis of evidence guiding risk stratification in SMM.
  • Synthesis of current therapeutic strategies and emerging treatments.

Main Results:

  • SMM is defined by evolving clinical and genomic markers.
  • Risk stratification aids in predicting disease progression.
  • Early intervention, exemplified by lenalidomide, shows therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • SMM management requires a nuanced approach based on risk stratification.
  • Ongoing research into biological pathways offers new therapeutic avenues.
  • Future strategies aim to halt or slow SMM progression, potentially preventing multiple myeloma development.