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Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Opioid Education and Prescribing Practices.

Simani M Price1, Amie C O'Donoghue2, Lou Rizzo2

  • 1From Westat, Inc. Rockville, MD (SMP, LR, SS); U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (ACO, KJA). simaniprice@westat.com.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM
|July 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Health care providers (HCPs) with more opioid education prescribed fewer opioids. However, knowledge gaps persist among different provider types, highlighting the need for targeted training to combat the opioid crisis.

Keywords:
Abuse-Deterrent FormulationsHealth PersonnelHealthcare ProvidersOpioid EducationOpioidsPhysician's Practice PatternsPrescribersPrimary Care PhysiciansPrimary Health CareSurveys and Questionnaires

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Medical Education
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • The opioid crisis is exacerbated by inadequate training for health care providers (HCPs) in safe opioid prescribing.
  • Educational resources have been developed to improve provider knowledge and practices regarding opioid use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the relationship between opioid educational information exposure and prescribing practices among various HCPs.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and differences in opioid prescribing behaviors across different provider groups.

Main Methods:

  • A national survey of 2000 HCPs, including primary care physicians (PCPs), specialists (SPs), physician assistants (PAs), and nurse practitioners (NPs).
  • Examined exposure to opioid educational information and current opioid prescribing patterns.

Main Results:

  • PCPs prescribed opioids to more patients than other groups but reported higher exposure to educational information.
  • NPs and PCPs showed greater exposure to opioid education than SPs and PAs.
  • Increased exposure to opioid educational information was linked to reduced opioid prescribing.

Conclusions:

  • HCPs' exposure to opioid education correlates with decreased opioid prescribing for chronic pain.
  • Significant disparities in education exposure and knowledge exist among provider types.
  • Further research is needed to optimize the content and delivery of opioid educational information to HCPs.