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Gaussian fitting algorithm with multi-geometric parameters for rotated elliptical beam profiling using pixel ion

Hao Lei1, Ping Tan1, Delin Hu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.

Medical Physics
|July 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
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This study introduces a precise method for profiling rotated elliptical beams in proton therapy using a pixel ion chamber. The technique accurately models beam profiles, minimizing errors for improved treatment accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Beam Imaging

Background:

  • Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy relies on accurate beam profile modeling.
  • Traditional Gaussian models are insufficient for elliptical beam spots.
  • Pixel ion chambers introduce volume averaging effects that can cause fitting errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-precision method for profiling rotated elliptical beams in proton therapy.
  • To improve accuracy by modeling transverse beam profiles as ellipses with a correlation coefficient.
  • To eliminate fitting errors caused by the volume averaging effect of pixel ion chambers.

Main Methods:

  • A 2D joint Gaussian distribution model incorporating a correlation coefficient was used to represent elliptical beam spots.
Keywords:
Gaussian distributionbeam profilespixel ion chambervolume averaging effect

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  • Simulated data mimicking pixel ion chamber signals were generated and processed.
  • Signal preprocessing involved noise filtering and Maximum Simply Connected Domain (MSCD) extraction.
  • Five geometric parameters (beam center, spot size, rotation angle) were fitted under varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions.
  • A rectification curve was employed to predict and correct systematic errors due to volume averaging.

    • Main Results:

    • The improved Gaussian fitting algorithm demonstrated high accuracy at SNR ≥ 20 dB, with spot size relative error < 1% and angle θ absolute error < 6.1°.
    • Beam center fitting error remained below 0.22 mm even for spot sizes up to 12 mm.
    • Dose distributions calculated with fitted parameters showed no significant cold or hot spots at SNR = 20 dB.
    • Systematic errors in fitted spot size were predictable and correctable.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method accurately profiles rotated elliptical beams in PBS proton therapy.
    • The algorithm effectively distinguishes between nominal and rotated elliptical beams.
    • Systematic errors from pixel ion chamber volume averaging can be predicted and corrected.
    • While spot size fitting errors are not fully eliminated, they are negligible and have minimal impact on therapeutic dose.