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Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

557
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Transduction01:16

Transduction

378
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Related Experiment Video

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Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
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Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

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Phage biology: Stuck with dU.

Yoav S Arava1, Oded Béjà1

  • 1Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.

Current Biology : CB
|July 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Marine phages, a type of virus, have been discovered with a unique DNA structure, using deoxyuridine instead of deoxythymidine. These novel viruses are evolutionarily distinct from previously known double-stranded DNA phages.

Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Virology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the primary genetic material for most life forms.
  • DNA typically comprises four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
  • The substitution of nucleotide bases in DNA can significantly alter viral genetic stability and replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery of novel marine viruses.
  • To characterize the unique biochemical composition of these newly identified viruses.
  • To understand the phylogenetic placement of these viruses within the broader viral landscape.

Main Methods:

  • Environmental DNA (eDNA) sequencing from marine samples.
  • Isolation and cultivation of novel viral agents.

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Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
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  • DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to determine viral relationships.

    • Main Results:

    • Discovery of marine viruses, termed phages, containing deoxyuridine (dU) in their DNA instead of the canonical deoxythymidine (dT).
    • The identified phages possess double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes.
    • Phylogenetic analyses indicate these viruses are distinct from all currently cataloged dsDNA phages, suggesting a new viral lineage.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings reveal a novel form of DNA modification in marine viruses.
    • This discovery expands our understanding of viral diversity and evolution in marine ecosystems.
    • The unique genetic makeup of these phages may have implications for viral replication strategies and host interactions.