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Manipulating feedback on schizophrenia: Evidence from a Posner task.

Elena Serrano-Lozano1, Pablo Navalón2, Alba Moreno-Giménez3

  • 1Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

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|July 27, 2021
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Summary

Monetary rewards improved goal-directed performance in schizophrenia patients, especially under frustration. Patients showed unrealistic self-evaluations, highlighting altered emotional responses and goal attainment challenges in schizophrenia.

Keywords:
AffectAttention taskAttentional performanceNegative symptomsPsychosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is characterized by difficulties in goal attainment.
  • Abnormal responses to environmental feedback may underlie these deficits.
  • Understanding feedback processing is crucial for schizophrenia research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different feedback types (monetary vs. non-monetary, contingent vs. non-contingent) on performance in schizophrenia patients.
  • To explore the psychological mechanisms of goal attainment difficulties in schizophrenia.
  • To assess behavioral and emotional responses to feedback in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • A computerized affective Posner task was administered to 32 schizophrenia patients and 35 controls.
  • Behavioral data (reaction times, error rates) and self-reported affect were collected.
  • Feedback conditions included non-monetary vs. monetary rewards and contingent vs. non-contingent feedback.

Main Results:

  • Monetary rewards enhanced performance compared to non-monetary rewards, particularly in schizophrenia patients under high attentional load.
  • Non-contingent feedback led to faster reaction times but more errors across all participants.
  • Schizophrenia patients matched control performance only with non-contingent monetary rewards; negative symptoms correlated with poorer performance under frustration.
  • Discrepancies were observed between performance and self-reported affect in patients post-frustration induction.

Conclusions:

  • Non-monetary rewards are less critical for schizophrenia patients.
  • Monetary rewards can mitigate the adverse effects of frustration in schizophrenia.
  • Schizophrenia patients may exhibit unrealistic self-appraisals under frustration, contributing to goal attainment deficits.