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Updated: Oct 26, 2025

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Dry eye disease: an (in)convenient truth.

Azadeh Tavakoli1, Judith Louise Flanagan1

  • 1School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Clinical & Experimental Optometry
|July 28, 2021
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Summary

Dry eye disease is an epidemic chronic condition linked to modern lifestyles and environments. This review explores how diet and nutrition influence dry eye disease, suggesting traditional food practices may offer protective benefits.

Keywords:
Chronic diseaseDry eyeinflammationlifestylenutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Ophthalmology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Chronic diseases, including dry eye disease, are a growing global epidemic, straining healthcare systems.
  • Modern anthropogenic environments and lifestyles contribute to chronic disease development.
  • Preventative healthcare emphasizes patient self-management to mitigate chronic disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the role of diet and nutrition in the development of dry eye disease as an anthropogenic chronic condition.
  • To identify environmental and behavioral factors, particularly related to food, that instigate chronic diseases.
  • To review traditional food practices that may confer resistance to chronic systemic inflammatory disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review examining the relationship between diet, nutrition, environment, behavior, and dry eye disease.
  • Analysis of evidence linking food production, distribution, and preservation to chronic disease.
  • Exploration of traditional food practices as a model for preventative health strategies.

Main Results:

  • Dry eye disease shares characteristics with other chronic diseases, influenced by modern environmental and lifestyle factors.
  • Diet and nutrition play a significant role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease.
  • Traditional food practices demonstrate potential in resisting chronic inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Dry eye disease can be conceptualized as an anthropogenic chronic disease.
  • Dietary and nutritional interventions, inspired by traditional practices, may offer sustainable strategies for managing and preventing dry eye disease.
  • Reinstating a balanced relationship with food, community, and nature is crucial for public health and individual well-being.