Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

Muscles of the Eye

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same authorSame journal

Mark Hallett: scientist and humanitarian in modern movement disorder neurology.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Same author

A Probabilistic Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of a Cemented Hip Implant Failure Under Aseptic Loosening: A Case-Based Probabilistic Framework.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Prescription practices and reasons for referral to tertiary care among patients with headache in India.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2026

Same author

Cytokine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Brain research·2026

Same author

Incremental value of whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography in cavernous sinus syndrome: guiding biopsy and improving diagnostic outcome.

Nuclear medicine communications·2026

Same author

The Hidden Culprit in Optic Neuritis: Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency Due to a Novel NDUFS1 Mutation.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2026

Same journal

Factors influencing receipt of specialty neurologic care for patients with Huntington's disease in Colorado.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Same journal

Mark Hallett and the renaissance of functional neurological disorder.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Same journal

Longitudinal biomarkers in dementia with Lewy bodies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Same journal

EYE movement abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: optometric screening and rehabilitation.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Same journal

Transition from subcutaneous levodopa/carbidopa (ND0612) to Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in advanced Parkinson's disease.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

Eye movement abnormalities in movement disorders.

Vivek Lal¹, Daniel Truong^2,3

¹Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

|July 28, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Eye movement abnormalities are common in brain disorders, particularly movement disorders. Understanding these visual system changes aids in diagnosis and managing patient morbidity.

Keywords:

Cortico-basal-ganglionic degeneration Eye movements Huntington disease Movement disorders Multiple system atrophy Parkinson's disease Parkinsonism Progressive supranuclear palsy

More Related Videos

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Published on: March 21, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Published on: March 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Neurology

Background:

The human visual system, crucial for environmental interaction, relies on the fovea for sharp central vision.
Eye movements precisely direct images onto the fovea, involving extensive brain networks (cortical, subcortical, brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and significance of eye movement abnormalities in movement disorders.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on eye movement abnormalities in movement disorders.
Analysis of pathophysiology and clinical presentations.
Assessment of diagnostic and prognostic significance.

Main Results:

Eye movement abnormalities are frequently observed in various brain and movement disorders.
These abnormalities can be characteristic, aiding in specific diagnoses.
Abnormalities contribute to the overall morbidity experienced by patients.

Conclusions:

Eye movement abnormalities are integral to understanding and diagnosing movement disorders.
Characterizing these visual system deficits is crucial for comprehensive patient care and management.