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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumors.

Keisuke Katsushima1,2, George Jallo2,3, Charles G Eberhart1,4

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in brain tumor development. These molecules offer potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for personalized brain cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the involvement of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of human brain tumors, including gliomas and medulloblastomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on lncRNAs implicated in brain cancer.
  • To discuss the epigenetic regulation of these lncRNAs.
  • To explore the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in brain tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on lncRNAs in brain cancers.
  • Analysis of molecular interactions and functional roles of lncRNAs.
  • Discussion of epigenetic mechanisms governing lncRNA expression.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs exhibit diverse roles, acting as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes in different brain malignancies.
  • Specific lncRNAs have been identified that are critical in glioma and medulloblastoma development.
  • Epigenetic modifications significantly influence lncRNA function and expression in brain tumors.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are pivotal in brain tumor pathogenesis and represent promising avenues for therapeutic intervention.
  • The dual role of lncRNAs necessitates careful consideration for targeted therapies.
  • lncRNAs hold significant potential for developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and personalized treatment strategies for brain cancer patients.