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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA
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Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Less Is More!

Mehdi Saighi Bouaouina1, Pascal Motreff2, Mohamed Mehdi Boussaada3

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Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of heart attack. This case highlights SCAD of the right coronary artery, diagnosed with imaging and guiding treatment.

Keywords:
OCT, optical coherence tomographyoptical coherence tomographyspontaneous coronary artery dissection

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  • It often affects younger women and can present as acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) caused by spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD).
  • To illustrate the diagnostic process and treatment strategy guided by advanced imaging in a SCAD case.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering SCAD in the differential diagnosis of ACS.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation of acute coronary syndrome.
  • Coronary angiography for initial diagnosis of coronary artery dissection.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detailed visualization and treatment guidance.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis of SCAD of the right coronary artery confirmed.
  • OCT provided critical information for guiding the interventional strategy.
  • Successful management based on imaging findings.

Conclusions:

  • SCAD is a relevant cause of ACS that requires specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Optical coherence tomography plays a vital role in SCAD diagnosis and management.
  • This case underscores the importance of a high index of suspicion for SCAD in ACS patients.