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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

101
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

140
Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

129
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

87
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
10:21

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Tropical Endomyocardial Fibrosis.

Joanne S Sutter1, Tisha M Suboc1, Anupama K Rao1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

JACC. Case Reports
|July 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tropical endomyocardial fibrosis, a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy, can affect the right ventricle. This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis to avoid confusion with similar conditions like Ebstein

Keywords:
CMR, cardiac magnetic resonanceEMF, endomyocardial fibrosisLGE, late gadolinium enhancementRV, right ventricularTTE, transthoracic echocardiogramcardiac magnetic resonancecardiomyopathyfibrosisrestrictiveright ventricle

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a primary cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy globally.
  • While prevalent in tropical regions, EMF is uncommon in developed nations.
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy presents diagnostic challenges, particularly in differentiating from other cardiac anomalies.

Observation:

  • A case of tropical EMF involving the right ventricle is presented.
  • The initial presentation mimicked Ebstein's anomaly, a congenital heart defect.
  • This diagnostic confusion underscores potential pitfalls in identifying EMF.

Findings:

  • Accurate differentiation of EMF from conditions like Ebstein's anomaly is crucial.
  • Right ventricular involvement in EMF can alter its typical presentation.
  • Timely diagnosis is essential for effective patient management and treatment.

Implications:

  • Highlights the need for increased awareness of EMF in non-endemic areas.
  • Emphasizes the importance of considering EMF in patients with unexplained restrictive cardiomyopathy.
  • Suggests that advanced imaging or diagnostic techniques may be necessary for accurate EMF diagnosis.