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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricle Function in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
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Right Ventricular Fatty Infiltration With an Abnormal ECG.

Natalija Odanovic1, Hamid R Mojibian2, Lawrence H Young1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

JACC. Case Reports
|July 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Two women showed signs of right ventricular hypertrophy and fatty infiltration. Both cases had a benign clinical course, not meeting criteria for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

Keywords:
ARVC, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathyBMI, body mass indexECG, electrocardiogramMRI, magnetic resonance imagingRV, right ventricleRVH, right ventricular hypertrophyelectrocardiogrammagnetic resonance imagingright ventricle

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Imaging
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Routine electrocardiograms (ECGs) can reveal subtle signs of cardiac conditions.
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is a significant finding requiring further investigation.
  • Differentiating RVH from specific cardiomyopathies is crucial for patient management.

Observation:

  • Two middle-aged women presented with ECG findings suggestive of RVH.
  • Echocardiography demonstrated thickening of the right ventricle in both patients.
  • Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) identified significant fatty infiltration within the right ventricular myocardium.

Findings:

  • The observed right ventricular hypertrophy and fatty infiltration did not meet diagnostic criteria for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).
  • Both patients experienced a benign clinical course, indicating a non-progressive or non-pathological process.
  • These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive cardiac imaging to characterize RV abnormalities.

Implications:

  • Fatty infiltration of the right ventricle may occur in the absence of ARVC.
  • Careful interpretation of imaging findings is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis.
  • Further research may elucidate the specific etiology and long-term prognosis of RV fatty infiltration in these cases.