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Pediatric Coping During Venipuncture With Virtual Reality: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Therese Canares1, Carisa Parrish2, Christine Santos1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.

JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting
|July 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Virtual reality (VR) and child life specialists improved children's coping during venipuncture. Documenting observed behaviors during VR use in pediatric procedures was feasible, suggesting VR may be a low-cost tool for improving pediatric coping.

Keywords:
anxietypediatricsphlebotomyprocedural painpsychological distressvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Medical Technology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Virtual reality (VR) shows potential for reducing pediatric pain and anxiety during venipuncture.
  • Objective behavioral coping data in pediatric VR studies is often lacking and labor-intensive to collect.
  • This pilot trial assessed VR feasibility and observed coping in a pediatric emergency department.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate the feasibility of a VR trial in a pediatric emergency department.
  • Assess the feasibility of documenting observed coping behaviors during pediatric procedures.
  • Examine VR's effect on child and caregiver coping and distress during venipuncture.

Main Methods:

  • Stratified, randomized, controlled pilot trial comparing VR with child life specialist support and no support.
  • Participants: Children aged 7-22 undergoing painful procedures in a pediatric emergency department.
  • Outcomes: Recruitment, VR withdrawal, observed coping (CAMPIS-SF), pain/anxiety (VAS), and cybersickness.

Main Results:

  • High recruitment (93%) and completed observations (100%).
  • VR and child life specialists improved patient coping compared to no support (P=.046).
  • No significant differences in distress/pain; caregivers reported lower anxiety with child life specialists (P=.03).

Conclusions:

  • Real-time documentation of observed behaviors during VR use is feasible with research staff.
  • VR and child life specialists enhance coping in children during venipuncture.
  • Future studies should evaluate off-the-shelf VR headsets as a low-cost tool for pediatric coping improvement.