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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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Responses to Drought and Flooding02:41

Responses to Drought and Flooding

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Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

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Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
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Buffers02:56

Buffers

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A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
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Updated: Oct 26, 2025

The Calibration and Use of Capacitance Sensors to Monitor Stem Water Content in Trees
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The Calibration and Use of Capacitance Sensors to Monitor Stem Water Content in Trees

Published on: December 27, 2017

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Forests buffer against variations in precipitation.

John C O'Connor1, Stefan C Dekker1, Arie Staal1

  • 1Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Department Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Global Change Biology
|July 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forests globally help stabilize monthly rainfall by recycling atmospheric moisture. This buffering effect reduces precipitation variability, unlike non-forest areas, highlighting the importance of forest cover for water resources.

Keywords:
atmospheric transportevapotranspirationforestsmoisture recyclingprecipitation variability

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Ecology
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Atmospheric moisture recycling enhances usable water resources through repeated precipitation-evapotranspiration cycles.
  • Land cover and climate significantly influence evapotranspiration, a key component of water recycling.
  • Forests, with deep roots accessing groundwater, exhibit stable transpiration, buffering against precipitation variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the precipitation buffering effect of forests is a global phenomenon.
  • To determine if forest land cover in upwind precipitation sheds reduces downwind monthly precipitation variability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a state-of-the-art Lagrangian moisture tracking model (UTrack).
  • Analyzed the impact of forest land cover on precipitation variability across global biomes.

Main Results:

  • A significant forest buffering effect on precipitation variability was found in 10 out of 14 global biomes.
  • 50% forest-origin precipitation reduced monthly precipitation variability by an average of 60%.
  • Non-forest land sources showed no buffering effect, with 50% non-forest origin increasing precipitation variation by 69%.

Conclusions:

  • Forest cover in precipitation sheds is crucial for buffering downwind precipitation variability.
  • Land cover composition significantly influences water-climate regulatory ecosystem services.
  • Understanding these dynamics is vital for water resource management amidst climate and land-use changes.