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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Deciphering Physicochemical Properties of Urinary Proteins from Stone Formers as Macromolecular Prolithogenic Factors to Drive Calcium Oxalate Stone Development.

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Unveiling potential natural promoters of calcium oxalate kidney stones in the urine via anion-exchange chromatography, crystal assays, and proteomics.

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Lactobacillus acidophilus abolishes oxalate-mediated renal epithelial barrier disruption and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal adhesion to renal epithelial cells.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Kidney stone proteomics: an update and perspectives.

Paleerath Peerapen1, Visith Thongboonkerd1

  • 1Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Expert Review of Proteomics
|July 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kidney stone disease is common and recurs often, with unclear causes. Proteomics offers insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for better prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
Crystal–cell interactionscrystal receptorsmass spectrometrynephrolithiasisproteomeurinary proteomicsurolithiasis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Urology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) exhibits increasing global prevalence and high recurrence rates.
  • Pathogenic mechanisms of kidney stones remain incompletely understood, necessitating advanced investigative tools.
  • Proteomics provides a powerful approach to dissect complex disease mechanisms at multiple biological levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of proteomics in understanding kidney stone disease.
  • To highlight advancements in identifying urinary stone modulators, matrix proteins, and cellular responses.
  • To discuss the role of proteomics in elucidating crystal-cell interactions and extracellular vesicles in stone formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on proteomics in kidney stone research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating urinary stone modulators (inhibitors and promoters).
  • Examination of research on cellular responses to calcium oxalate crystals and other stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Proteomics aids in understanding cellular responses to calcium oxalate crystals and the role of sex hormones.
  • Investigating crystal-cell interactions, receptors, secretome, and extracellular vesicles offers deeper insights.
  • Identification of potential urinary stone modulators provides avenues for early detection and targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary proteomics is crucial for identifying modulators that can aid in early detection and prevention.
  • Identified modulators may serve as novel therapeutic targets for kidney stone disease treatment.
  • Translating proteomic findings into clinical practice is essential for improved patient outcomes.