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Factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Africa: a systematic review

Abubakar Nasiru Galadima1, Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli2, Salmiah Md Said1

  • 1Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.

BMC Public Health
|July 29, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Vaccine preventable diseases cause millions of childhood deaths annually. This study identifies factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Africa to improve vaccination coverage and reduce mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Vaccine-preventable diseases remain a leading cause of mortality in children under five, particularly in Africa and Asia.
  • Despite proven benefits, routine childhood immunisation coverage is low in several African nations, including Nigeria, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Ghana.
  • An estimated 29% of deaths in children aged 1-59 months are attributed to vaccine-preventable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize evidence on factors affecting childhood immunisation uptake in Africa.
  • To provide a foundation for developing, implementing, and evaluating interventions aimed at improving childhood immunisation rates in African populations.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of literature was conducted, searching multiple databases (Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection) from inception to 2020.
  • Keywords focused on factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in under-five children in Africa.
  • A total of 51 studies were included after screening 18,708 citations.

Main Results:

  • Factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake were categorized into modifiable and non-modifiable.
  • Modifiable factors included obstetric care, maternal knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations.
  • Non-modifiable factors encompassed parent and child sociodemographic characteristics, as well as logistical and administrative elements.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable, significantly impact childhood immunisation uptake in Africa.
  • Targeted immunisation health education for pregnant women, informed by these findings, is recommended to enhance uptake in low-coverage areas.
Abstract

Keywords:
AfricaChildhood immunisationUptake

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