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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
06:52

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Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in the Elderly.

Lesley Charles1, Elena Kumar1, Eimad Elghol1

  • 1Division of Care of the Elderly, Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Canadian Journal on Aging = La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement
|July 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are common in older adults. This study found PIM prevalence was 45% at one hospital and 57.3% at another, indicating a need for greater physician awareness.

Keywords:
Beers criteriaagingcomprehensive geriatric assessmentcritères de Beersdeprescriptionsdéprescriptioninappropriate prescribingliste de médicaments potentiellement inappropriésmédicaments potentiellement inappropriéspolypharmaciepolypharmacypotentially inappropriate medication listpotentially inappropriate medicationsprescription inappropriéevieillissementévaluation gériatrique complète

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are frequently prescribed to older adults.
  • Estimates suggest around half of adults over 65 receive PIMs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of PIM use in older patients undergoing comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGAs).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart reviews of 200 patients (Glenrose, 2012-13) and 164 patients (Misericordia, 2016-17).
  • Data collected included demographics, PIM prevalence, common PIMs, medication review outcomes, and total oral medication count.

Main Results:

  • PIM prevalence was 45% at Glenrose and 57.3% at Misericordia.
  • Medication modifications occurred in 46.7% of PIM users at Glenrose and 47.9% at Misericordia.

Conclusions:

  • Significant prevalence of PIM use persists in older adult populations.
  • Increased physician awareness is crucial to reduce PIM prescribing and improve patient safety.