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Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

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Published on: October 31, 2013

Effect of single nanoparticle-nanopore interaction strength on ionic current modulation.

Sohini Pal¹, B Ramkumar¹, Sanket Jugade¹

¹Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.

Sensors and Actuators. B, Chemical

|July 29, 2021

Summary

Solid-state nanopore sensors show dwell time is exponentially sensitive to target-pore interactions. This sensitivity, driven by electrostatic forces, can enhance single molecule sensing applications.

Keywords:

Bi-directional current profile Conical nanopore Kramer’s escape rate Physical model Poly-electrolyte functionalization

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Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

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High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biophysics
Materials Science

Background:

Solid-state nanopores are key for single molecule sensing.
Ionic current modulation during molecule translocation is the primary measurement method.
Dwell time, the molecule transit duration, is crucial for analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between target-pore interaction strength and dwell time in nanopore sensors.
To explore electrostatic interactions using gold nanoparticles (NPs) and silicon nitride (SiN) nanopores.
To demonstrate an operating regime where dwell time is highly sensitive to interaction strength.

Main Methods:

Utilized single gold nanoparticles (NPs) as targets and a silicon nitride (SiN) nanopore sensor.
Controlled electrostatic interaction strength by coating NPs with charged polymers.
Measured dwell times for negatively and positively charged NPs interacting with a negatively charged SiN pore.

Main Results:

Dwell time exhibits exponential sensitivity to the electrostatic interaction strength between NPs and the SiN nanopore.
Positively charged NPs, experiencing strong attractive forces, showed a 2-3 order of magnitude increase in dwell times (0.4 ms to 75.3 ms).
This highlights the significant impact of electrostatic forces on NP translocation dynamics.

Conclusions:

The dwell time in nanopore sensors is highly sensitive to the strength of target-pore interactions, particularly attractive electrostatic forces.
This extreme sensitivity can be leveraged to improve the performance and capabilities of emerging nanopore sensor applications.
Nanopore sensors offer a powerful platform for precise single molecule analysis through controlled interactions.