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Age Influences Loss Aversion Through Effects on Posterior Cingulate Cortical Thickness.

Zoe R Guttman1, Dara G Ghahremani1, Jean-Baptiste Pochon1

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|July 29, 2021
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Summary

Decision-making strategies change with age. Loss aversion, or overweighing losses, declines in young adulthood and rises in middle age, influenced by posterior cingulate cortex thinning.

Keywords:
agingcortical thicknessdecision-makingloss aversionneuroimagingposterior cingulate

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Decision-making strategies evolve throughout the lifespan, impacting overall wellbeing.
  • Loss aversion, the tendency to weigh losses more heavily than gains, is a key factor in choice selection.
  • The age trajectory of loss aversion and its neural underpinnings, particularly in relation to age-related brain changes, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between chronological age and loss aversion.
  • To examine whether cortical thinning in specific brain regions mediates the age-related changes in loss aversion.
  • To identify the neural mechanisms underlying age-related shifts in decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 106 healthy participants aged 17-54 years completed the Loss Aversion Task.
  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired from a subgroup of 78 participants.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to assess the curvilinear relationship between age and loss aversion and to test for mediation by cortical thickness.

Main Results:

  • Loss aversion exhibited a curvilinear trajectory across the adult lifespan, decreasing in young adulthood and increasing in middle age.
  • Cortical thinning in the posterior cingulate cortex was found to mediate this age-related trajectory of loss aversion.
  • These findings indicate that age-related structural changes in the posterior cingulate cortex are linked to alterations in loss aversion.

Conclusions:

  • Loss aversion follows a non-linear age trajectory, with a notable increase in middle adulthood.
  • Atrophy of the posterior cingulate cortex plays a mediating role in the observed changes in loss aversion beyond a certain age threshold.
  • Understanding these age-related neural and cognitive shifts is crucial for comprehending decision-making and wellbeing across the lifespan.