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Lung density analysis using quantitative computed tomography in children with pectus excavatum.

Fatma C Sarioglu1, Naciye S Gezer1, Huseyin Odaman1

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|July 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Children with pectus excavatum (PE) have lower mean lung densities, particularly in the right lower lobe. Lung aeration in PE patients is not directly related to the condition's severity.

Keywords:
Haller indexlung densitypaediatricpectus excavatumquantitative computed tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Thoracic Imaging
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pectus excavatum (PE) is a congenital chest wall deformity impacting lung development.
  • Quantitative computed tomography (CT) is used to assess lung density and aeration.
  • Understanding lung density in PE is crucial for evaluating respiratory function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate mean lung density in children with pectus excavatum (PE).
  • To assess correlations between cardiac rotation angle, Haller index, pulmonary function tests, and lung density in PE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 33 children with PE and 31 healthy controls.
  • Quantitative CT to measure lung parenchyma densities at defined thoracic levels.
  • Calculation of cardiac rotation angle and Haller index; statistical analysis using t-tests, Mann-Whitney U, and correlation coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Children with PE exhibited lower mean lung densities compared to controls, significantly in the right lung at the T10 vertebra level.
  • A significant correlation was found between cardiac rotation angle and Haller index (r = 0.593, p < 0.001).
  • No significant correlations were observed between mean lung density and cardiac rotation angle, Haller index, or pulmonary function tests.

Conclusions:

  • Pectus excavatum is associated with reduced mean lung densities, most notably in the right lower lobe.
  • Parenchymal aeration in PE should be considered independently of the deformity's severity.