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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Engineered RNA Nanodesigns for Applications in RNA Nanotechnology.

Kirill A Afonin1, Brian Lindsay1, Bruce A Shapiro1

  • 1Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.

DNA and RNA Nanotechnology
|July 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

RNA Nanotechnology utilizes RNA

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nucleic acids offer unique properties for nanotechnological applications.
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) possesses thermal stability, structural flexibility, and functional versatility.
  • These attributes make RNA a prime candidate for developing novel nanostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles of rational RNA nanostructure design.
  • To outline strategies for constructing self-assembling RNA nanoparticles.
  • To discuss future challenges and opportunities in RNA Nanotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNA structure and function.
  • Analysis of design principles for RNA nanostructures.
Keywords:
Computational RNA Nano DesignFunctional RNA NanoparticlesRNA NanotechnologyRNA TectonicsSelf-Assembly

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  • Examination of self-assembly strategies for RNA nanoparticles.

    • Main Results:

    • RNA's inherent properties enable the creation of complex, functional nanostructures.
    • Rational design and self-assembly are key strategies for building RNA nanoparticles.
    • Diverse RNA structures can be leveraged for tailored nanotechnological applications.

    Conclusions:

    • RNA Nanotechnology is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential.
    • Further research into design principles and assembly mechanisms will drive innovation.
    • RNA-based nanostructures hold promise for various future applications.