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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Overlapping and specific neural correlates for empathizing, affective mentalizing, and cognitive mentalizing: A

Maria Arioli1, Zaira Cattaneo1,2, Emiliano Ricciardi3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Human Brain Mapping
|July 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This meta-analysis reveals distinct yet overlapping brain networks for cognitive and affective mentalizing, and empathy. Findings highlight specific neural differences in schizophrenia and autism, informing social cognition treatments.

Keywords:
activation likelihood estimationaffective mentalizingautismcognitive mentalizingempathymentalizingmeta-analysisschizophreniatheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Social understanding relies on empathy, affective mentalizing, and cognitive mentalizing.
  • The neural underpinnings and specificity of these processes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analytically investigate the neural bases of cognitive mentalizing, affective mentalizing, and empathy.
  • To examine these neural networks in healthy individuals and in conditions with social deficits (schizophrenia, autism).

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analytic approach was employed.
  • Neural activity associated with cognitive mentalizing, affective mentalizing, and empathy was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Partially overlapping networks for cognitive and affective mentalizing were found in medial prefrontal, posterior cingulate, and lateral temporal cortex.
  • Empathy engaged fronto-insular, somatosensory, and anterior cingulate cortex.
  • Distinct alterations in mentalizing and empathy networks were observed in schizophrenia and autism.

Conclusions:

  • Neural substrates for cognitive and affective mentalizing show partial overlap, with distinct regions supporting empathy.
  • Specific temporal and prefrontal regions may mediate transitions between abstract and emotional mental state representations.
  • Abnormalities in these networks in schizophrenia and autism suggest targets for therapeutic interventions.