ADP-ribosyltransferases, an update on function and nomenclature

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
• Cellular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• ADP-ribosylation is a vital post-translational modification regulating diverse cellular functions, including stress responses, signaling, and gene expression.
• ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) catalyze this modification using NAD+, and its reversibility is mediated by ADP-ribosylhydrolases.
• ARTs are increasingly recognized as therapeutic targets for viral infections and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a standardized and updated nomenclature for mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs).
• To facilitate clear communication and understanding in the field of ADP-ribosylation research.
• To provide a brief overview of the diverse functions of mammalian ARTs.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and expert consensus on enzyme classification.
• Analysis of biochemical and structural data of ADP-ribosyltransferases.
• Comparative analysis of ART functions across different cellular processes.

Main Results:

• An updated and broadly supported nomenclature for mammalian ARTs is proposed.
• The diversity of mono- and poly-ADP-ribose-mediated cellular processes is highlighted.
• Recent technological advances have significantly expanded the understanding of ADP-ribosylation.

Conclusions:

• A unified nomenclature is essential for advancing the study of ADP-ribosylation.
• Standardized naming will improve reproducibility and collaboration in ART research.
• Continued research into ARTs promises new therapeutic strategies.