Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 26, 2025
Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
Published on: May 11, 2015
Pulmonary hypertension in the child with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Kelsey W Malloy1, Eric D Austin1
1Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Insights
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants. This review covers pulmonary hypertension (PH) in BPD, including its causes, diagnosis, and treatments.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent chronic lung disease in premature infants, often necessitating prolonged respiratory support.
- BPD is associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling and growth arrest, leading to pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH).
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the pathophysiology of PH in children with BPD.
- To evaluate current screening and diagnostic recommendations for PH in this population.
- To outline current therapeutic strategies for PH in BPD.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of PH in BPD.
- Analysis of current clinical guidelines and research studies.
- Synthesis of information on comorbid conditions and management.
Main Results:
- Complex perinatal factors contribute to BPD and subsequent PH.
- Pulmonary vascular disease in BPD involves vascular growth arrest and remodeling.
- Current management involves screening, diagnosis, and tailored treatment options.
Conclusions:
- PH is a significant complication of BPD with specific pathophysiological underpinnings.
- Early screening and accurate diagnosis are crucial for effective management.
- Multifaceted treatment approaches are necessary for children with BPD and PH.
Abstract:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease of prematurity resulting from complex interactions of perinatal factors that often lead to prolonged respiratory support and increased pulmonary morbidity. There is also growing appreciation for the dysmorphic pulmonary bed characterized by vascular growth arrest and remodeling, resulting in pulmonary vascular disease and its most severe form, pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children with BPD. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the pathophysiology of PH in children with BPD, evaluate the current recommendations for screening and diagnosis of PH, discern associated comorbid conditions, and outline the current treatment options.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
01:16Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
01:17Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation
01:25Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
01:29Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction
01:22Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...