The role of sleep disorders in cardiovascular diseases: Culprit or accomplice?

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Sleep Medicine
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Sleep disorders, including insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing, are increasingly recognized as comorbidities with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
• Established pathophysiological links involve inflammation, sympathetic nervous system activation, and endothelial dysfunction, all implicated in CVD development.
• The relationship between sleep disorders and CVDs is potentially bidirectional, with each condition potentially exacerbating the other.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the comorbidity of sleep disorders and CVDs.
• To discuss established and novel pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association.
• To explore potential therapeutic strategies for managing comorbid conditions.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature.
• It focuses on identifying and discussing pathophysiological pathways.
• Novel mechanisms like gut microbiota, orexin, and extracellular vesicles are highlighted.

Main Results:

• Sleep disorders and CVDs share common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways.
• A bidirectional relationship exists between sleep disorders and CVDs.
• Emerging mechanisms including gut microbiota, orexin signaling, and extracellular vesicles offer new insights.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the intricate relationship between sleep disorders and CVDs is crucial for effective management.
• Novel mechanisms provide a basis for future research and the development of targeted therapies.
• Addressing sleep disorders may improve cardiovascular outcomes and vice versa.