When to Suspect Hidden Hypercortisolism in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
Carmen Aresta1, Davide Soranna2, Luca Giovanelli3
1Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
Summary
Patients with advanced type 2 diabetes (T2D) show a higher prevalence of hidden hypercortisolism (HidHyCo). This finding aids in identifying T2D patients who may benefit from HidHyCo screening.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Hidden hypercortisolism (HidHyCo) is a condition that can complicate type 2 diabetes (T2D) management.
- Identifying specific patient characteristics associated with HidHyCo is crucial for targeted screening and improved patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature and identify patient characteristics in type 2 diabetes (T2D) that are more frequently associated with hidden hypercortisolism (HidHyCo).
Main Methods:
- A meta-analysis was conducted on studies examining HidHyCo prevalence in T2D patients.
- Included studies compared characteristics of T2D patients with and without HidHyCo.
- DerSimonian and Laird (DSL) and Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) methods were used for analysis.
Main Results:
- Six studies involving 2283 patients provided data for the meta-analysis.
- HidHyCo was significantly associated with advanced T2D, defined by complications or specific treatment regimens (ORs ranging from 3.4 to 3.6).
- Associations with hypertension and insulin treatment were observed using the DSL method, but not consistently with the HKSJ method.
Conclusions:
- Patients with advanced type 2 diabetes exhibit a higher prevalence of hidden hypercortisolism.
- These findings provide valuable insights for selecting T2D patients for HidHyCo screening protocols.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
3.6K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.6K
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
1.3K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
1.3K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
4.0K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.0K
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
2.2K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.2K
01:19Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
98
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
98
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
12.7K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
12.7K