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Viral hepatitis update: Progress and perspectives.

María B Pisano1, Cecilia G Giadans2, Diego M Flichman3

  • 1Virology Institute, CONICET, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Cordoba X5016, Argentina.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|July 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights current research and future directions for viral hepatitis (Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E). It covers pathogenesis, immune response, diagnostics, and novel vaccines and therapies for these significant public health threats.

Keywords:
Hepatitis A virusHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusHepatitis D virusHepatitis E virusViral hepatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Viral hepatitis (Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E) poses a significant global health burden, causing substantial morbidity and mortality.
  • Despite advancements, critical questions persist regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and the development of effective vaccines and treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research, unresolved issues, and future directions for Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses.
  • To consolidate knowledge on epidemiology, diagnostics, pathogenesis, immune responses, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent research on viral hepatitis.
  • Focus on key areas including molecular surveillance, host factors, treatment resistance, and vaccine development.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of Hepatitis A epidemiology, surveillance, and detection methods.
  • Discussion of Hepatitis B host factors, diagnostics, therapy, and vaccine improvements.
  • Analysis of Hepatitis C pathogenesis, immune response, antiviral treatments, hepatocellular carcinoma, resistance, and vaccination.
  • Overview of Hepatitis D diagnostics, pathogenesis, and therapy.
  • Exploration of Hepatitis E epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment, vaccine development, and surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • Significant research gaps remain across all hepatitis viruses, necessitating continued investigation.
  • Advancements in diagnostics, antivirals, and vaccine development are crucial for combating viral hepatitis.
  • Future research should prioritize understanding pathogenesis, improving immune responses, and developing broadly effective interventions.