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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

694
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

6.1K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

54.4K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
54.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Age-Related Differences in Auditory Cortex Activity During Spoken Word Recognition.

Chad S Rogers1, Michael S Jones2, Sarah McConkey2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Union College, Schenectady, NY, USA.

Neurobiology of Language (Cambridge, Mass.)
|July 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Older adults show less auditory cortex activity when processing spoken words compared to younger adults, despite similar overall brain patterns. This age-related difference in auditory processing was specific to words.

Keywords:
cognitive agingspeech perceptionspeech production

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Spoken word recognition involves matching acoustic input with lexical representations.
  • The impact of aging on brain networks for spoken word recognition is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in brain activity during spoken word recognition using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To compare brain responses to spoken words in young and older adults under attentive listening and repetition tasks.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI was used to measure brain activity in 29 young adults and 32 older adults while they listened to spoken words.
  • Two listening conditions were employed: attentive listening and a repetition task.
  • Control stimuli (1-channel vocoded speech) were used to assess age differences in basic auditory processing.

Main Results:

  • Both young and older adults exhibited similar brain activity patterns during word perception, primarily in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus.
  • Older adults demonstrated significantly less activity in the auditory cortex compared to young adults for spoken words.
  • Age differences in auditory cortex activity were specific to words and not observed for vocoded speech, and were independent of task accuracy, movement, or hearing sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Brain activity patterns for spoken word recognition in quiet are largely similar between young and older adults.
  • Older adults may recruit the auditory cortex less effectively for spoken word processing compared to younger adults.
  • These findings highlight a selective age-related difference in auditory cortex engagement during complex speech perception.