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Review: Approaches to Visual-motor Control in Baseball Batting.

Rob Gray

    Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
    |July 30, 2021
    PubMed
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    Online control, not predictive models, better explains visual-motor control in baseball batting. This approach uses real-time perceptual information for prospective swing adjustments, aligning better with research findings.

    Area of Science:

    • Motor Control
    • Sports Science
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Baseball batting is a complex motor skill with severe time constraints.
    • Traditionally, model-based, predictive control (open-loop, pre-programmed movements) has been assumed necessary for batting.
    • This assumption stems from the need to parameterize movements based on situational probabilities and early ball flight information.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and evaluate model-based versus online approaches to visual-motor control in baseball batting.
    • To contrast two variants of model-based control (3D world model, spatial memory) with online control.
    • To challenge the presumed necessity of predictive control in baseball batting.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of research studies on visual-motor control in baseball batting.

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  • Comparative analysis of model-based control theories and online control principles.
  • Examination of information-movement coupling in prospective swing control.

    • Main Results:

    • The necessity of predictive control in baseball batting is based on a narrow view of online control.
    • Online control, utilizing currently available perceptual information, offers a viable alternative.
    • Published research findings are more consistent with an online control account.

    Conclusions:

    • Online control provides a more parsimonious explanation for visual-motor control in baseball batting.
    • The role of predictive, model-based control may be overestimated.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the specifics of online control mechanisms in batting.