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In Vitro Bioaccessibility Protocol for Chlorophylls.

Isabel Viera1, Marta Herrera1, María Roca1

  • 1Group of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Pigments. Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, Sevilla 41013, Spain.

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|July 30, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals factors affecting chlorophyll bioaccessibility in foods. A new protocol was developed to accurately measure chlorophyll bioavailability, considering its structure and food matrix interactions.

Keywords:
bioaccessibilitychlorinchlorophyllsfruit juicein vitro digestionmicellarizationpheophorbidepheophytinpyropheophytinvegetable pureevirgin olive oil

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Food Chemistry

Background:

  • Daily chlorophyll intake is substantial (estimated 50 g), yet bioaccessibility knowledge is limited.
  • Existing in vitro models for bioavailability assessment face challenges due to chlorophyll's diverse structures, properties, and lability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate chlorophyll bioaccessibility across diverse food matrices (fiber-rich, fat-rich, liquid).
  • To identify and address biases in standardized in vitro protocols affecting chlorophyll bioavailability measurements.
  • To develop a specific protocol for accurate chlorophyll bioaccessibility estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Assayed chlorophyll bioaccessibility in three distinct food matrices: vegetable puree, virgin olive oil, and fruit juice.
  • Controlled crucial variables to isolate the impact of food matrix and chlorophyll properties.
  • Identified chemical reactions occurring during in vitro digestion that affect bioaccessibility.

Main Results:

  • Chlorophyll polarity and food matrix were key determinants of bioaccessibility.
  • Surprisingly, bioaccessibility was significantly affected by the standardized in vitro protocol itself.
  • Specific degradation pathways were identified during the bioaccessibility estimation process.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized in vitro protocols may inaccurately estimate chlorophyll bioaccessibility.
  • A matrix- and structure-dependent protocol is necessary for reliable chlorophyll bioavailability assessment.
  • Understanding chlorophyll's behavior in different foods is crucial for nutritional science.