Computational model of endochondral ossification: Simulating growth of a long bone

Mechanical loading is a crucial factor in joint and bone development. Using a computational model, we investigated the role of mechanics on cartilage growth rate, ossification of the secondary center, formation of the growth plate, and overall bone shape. A computational algorithm was developed and implemented into finite element models to simulate the endochondral ossification for symmetric and asymmetric motion in a generic diarthrodial joint. Under asymmetric loading condition the secondary center ossifies asymmetrically leaning toward the external load and results in tilted growth plate. Also the mechanics seems to have greater influence in the early onset of the ossification of the secondary center rather than later progression of the center. While previous models have simulated select stages of skeletal development, our model can simulate growth and ossification during the entirety of post-natal development. Such computational models of skeletal development may provide insight into specific loading conditions that cause bone and joint deformities, and the required timing for rehabilitative repair.