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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
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Towards a more efficient Hydrothermal Carbonization: Processing water recirculation under different conditions.

M Boutaieb1, S Román2, B Ledesma2

  • 1Laboratory of Process Engineering and Industrial Systems (LR11ES54), National School of Engineering of Gabes, University of Gabes, Medenine Street 6029, Tunisia.

Waste Management (New York, N.Y.)
|July 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Recirculating processing water (PW) during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of pine cones boosts hydrochar yield and energy content. This method enhances carbon and nitrogen content, improving thermal stability and surface properties of the resulting hydrochar.

Keywords:
HydrocharsHydrothermal carbonizationRecycling process water

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Area of Science:

  • Biomass Conversion
  • Thermochemical Processes
  • Sustainable Materials

Background:

  • Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) converts biomass into hydrochar, a potential coal substitute.
  • Processing Water (PW) generated during HTC contains valuable organic compounds.
  • Recycling PW could enhance HTC efficiency and hydrochar quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of recirculating Processing Water (PW) on the Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Tunisian pine cones.
  • Evaluate the effects of varying temperature and residence time on hydrochar properties.
  • Assess the potential for improving hydrochar yield, carbon content, and energy value through PW recirculation.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Tunisian pine cones at 200°C and 240°C for 3 and 20 hours.
  • Recirculation of Processing Water (PW) in cyclic HTC runs.
  • Analysis of hydrochar yield, carbon and nitrogen content, heating value, and thermal properties (TGA/DTA).
  • Investigation of surface morphology and functional groups of hydrochar.

Main Results:

  • Recirculating PW significantly improved hydrochar solid yield.
  • The heating value of hydrochar increased with PW recirculation, reaching up to 58.6%.
  • Recycled PW led to enhanced carbon and nitrogen content in hydrochar.
  • PW recirculation broadened the thermal degradation range of hydrochar during pyrolysis.
  • Surface morphology and functional groups of hydrochar were modified by PW reuse.

Conclusions:

  • Recirculating Processing Water (PW) is an effective strategy to enhance hydrochar yield and energy content from pine cone biomass.
  • The positive effects of PW recirculation on hydrochar quality are dependent on HTC severity, temperature, and residence time.
  • This cyclic approach offers a promising route for improving the value and properties of hydrochar for various applications.