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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Research Note: Rous sarcoma growth differs among congenic lines containing major histocompatibility (B) complex

N G Wilkinson1, R T Kopulos2, L M Yates2

  • 1Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH.

Poultry Science
|July 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chicken MHC recombinants were studied for their effect on Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) tumor growth. Line 003.R5, featuring the BF21-BG19 recombinant, showed significantly reduced tumor growth, indicating its potential for improved immunity.

Keywords:
Rous sarcoma virusimmunityrecombinationtumor

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Avian immunology

Background:

  • The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a crucial role in immune responses.
  • Recombination within the MHC can create novel gene arrangements influencing disease resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of specific chicken MHC class I BF and class IV BG gene recombinants on Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) tumor growth.
  • To identify MHC regions contributing to differential immune responses against RSV.

Main Methods:

  • Development of congenic chicken lines with unique MHC recombinants using a backcrossing strategy.
  • Comparison of RSV subgroup C tumor growth and tumor profile index (TPI) in five congenic lines and a control line.
  • Statistical analysis using least squares ANOVA to assess differences in tumor growth and TPI.

Main Results:

  • Tumor size increased in most lines initially, but declined in Line 003.R5 (BF21-BG19) after 4 weeks.
  • Line 003.R5 exhibited significantly lower tumor growth and TPI compared to other congenic lines.
  • The BF21 gene in Line 003.R5 demonstrated a superior immune response against RSV subgroup C compared to other BF alleles tested.

Conclusions:

  • Specific MHC recombinants significantly influence the chicken's immune response to RSV.
  • The BF21-BG19 MHC arrangement in Line 003.R5 confers enhanced resistance to subgroup C RSV tumors.
  • This study highlights the importance of MHC structure in determining disease outcomes and provides a valuable tool for avian immunology research.