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Updated: Oct 26, 2025
Porcine Normothermic Isolated Liver Perfusion
Published on: June 9, 2023
Evaluation of Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Porcine Livers as a Novel Preclinical Model to Predict Biliary
L J Stevens1, A Z X Zhu2, P P Chothe2
1Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) Transplant Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (L.J.S., I.P.J.A.); The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands (L.J.S., J.M.D., W.H.J.V., E.v.d.S.); Quantitative Solutions (A.Z.X.Z.), Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetic (P.P.C., S.K.C.), Takeda Pharmaceutical International, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden, The Netherlands (C.A.J.K.); and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein and Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.A.J.K.) Lianne.stevens@tno.nl.
Abstract:
There is a lack of translational preclinical models that can predict hepatic handling of drugs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the applicability of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) of porcine livers as a novel ex vivo model to predict hepatic clearance, biliary excretion, and plasma exposure of drugs. For this evaluation, we dosed atorvastatin, pitavastatin, and rosuvastatin as model drugs to porcine livers and studied the effect of common drug-drug interactions (DDIs) on these processes. After 120 minutes of perfusion, 0.104 mg atorvastatin (n = 3), 0.140 mg pitavastatin (n = 5), or 1.4 mg rosuvastatin (n = 4) was administered to the portal vein, which was followed 120 minutes later by a second bolus of the statin coadministered with OATP perpetrator drug rifampicin (67.7 mg). After the first dose, all statins were rapidly cleared from the circulation (hepatic extraction ratio > 0.7) and excreted into the bile. Presence of human-specific atorvastatin metabolites confirmed the metabolic capacity of porcine livers. The predicted biliary clearance of rosuvastatin was found to be closer to the observed biliary clearance. A rank order of the DDI between the various systems upon coadministration with rifampicin could be observed: atorvastatin (AUC ratio 7.2) > rosuvastatin (AUC ratio 3.1) > pitavastatin (AUC ratio 2.6), which is in good agreement with the clinical DDI data. The results from this study demonstrated the applicability of using NMP of porcine livers as a novel preclinical model to study OATP-mediated DDI and its effect on hepatic clearance, biliary excretion, and plasma profile of drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study evaluated the use of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) of porcine livers as a novel preclinical model to study hepatic clearance, biliary excretion, plasma (metabolite) profile of statins, and OATP-mediated DDI. Results showed that NMP of porcine livers is a reliable model to study OATP-mediated DDI. Overall, the rank order of DDI severity indicated in these experiments is in good agreement with clinical data, indicating the potential importance of this new ex vivo model in early drug discovery.
