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Related Concept Videos

Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Eosinophilic Gastritis/Gastroenteritis.

Phillip H Chen1,2, Lorraine Anderson3, Kuixing Zhang4

  • 1David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, suite 345, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Current Gastroenterology Reports
|July 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Eosinophilic gastritis/gastroenteritis (EG/EGE) are rare gastrointestinal disorders. Diagnosis requires high suspicion and biopsies, with corticosteroids as the primary treatment, though new therapies are emerging.

Keywords:
Eosinophilic gastritisEosinophilic gastroenteritisEosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Eosinophilic gastritis/gastroenteritis (EG/EGE) are rare eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs).
  • EGIDs encompass eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and eosinophilic colitis.
  • These conditions involve eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review current literature on EG/EGE.
  • Detail clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and management.
  • Highlight challenges and advancements in EG/EGE diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of EG/EGE.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including tissue and blood-based methods.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Pathophysiology involves hypersensitivity; standardized diagnostic criteria are lacking for EG/EGE.
  • Non-EoE EGIDs are harder to treat than EoE, with over a third achieving spontaneous remission.
  • Corticosteroids are the mainstay; biologics and other agents show promise, with AK002 being a notable investigational therapy.

Conclusions:

  • High suspicion and adequate biopsies are crucial for diagnosing EG/EGE in atopic patients.
  • Corticosteroids are primary treatment, often long-term; steroid-sparing agents are experimental.
  • Therapeutic goals are evolving beyond clinical remission, with histological remission lacking evidence.