Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

239
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
239
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

266
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
266
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

703
Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
703
Transformation of Plane Strain01:12

Transformation of Plane Strain

301
When analyzing elongated structures like bars subjected to uniformly distributed loads, it is essential to understand the transformation of plane strain when coordinate axes are rotated. This transformation helps to assess how material deformation characteristics vary with orientation, which is crucial in materials science and structural engineering.
Under plane strain conditions, typical for members where one dimension significantly exceeds the others, deformations and resultant strains are...
301
Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

Surface Tension and Surface Energy

2.4K
When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
2.4K
Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

383
When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
383

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Multi-view cryomacroscopy: A new device for study of cryopreservation by vitrification.

Cryobiology·2026
Same author

Multiscale investigation of Snomax effects on supercooling with application to high-subzero cryopreservation: Calorimetry and cryomacroscopy.

Cryobiology·2026
Same author

A data-driven approach for real-time soft tissue deformation prediction using nonlinear presurgical simulations.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Is isochoric vitrification feasible? Cycling between modeling, experimental observations, and first principles.

Cryobiology·2025
Same author

A simplified computational liver perfusion model, with applications to organ preservation.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Ultrasound-based geometric modeling of the human ovary with applications to cryopreservation.

Cryobiology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Measuring and Modeling Contractile Drying in Human Stratum Corneum
08:00

Measuring and Modeling Contractile Drying in Human Stratum Corneum

Published on: March 1, 2017

6.7K

Mathematical modeling of surface deformation during vitrification.

Yoed Rabin1

  • 1Biothermal Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.

Cryobiology
|July 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Surface deformation during cryopreservation by vitrification is modeled using multiphysics. Cooling-induced material flow, viscosity changes, and thermal gradients cause deformation, leading to mechanical stresses and potential fractures in cryoprotective agents (CPAs).

Keywords:
CryopreservationFluid mechanicsHeat transferModelingMultiphysicsSolid mechanicsSurface deformationVitrification

More Related Videos

Quantification of Strain in a Porcine Model of Skin Expansion Using Multi-View Stereo and Isogeometric Kinematics
14:14

Quantification of Strain in a Porcine Model of Skin Expansion Using Multi-View Stereo and Isogeometric Kinematics

Published on: April 16, 2017

11.8K
Intravital Longitudinal Imaging of Vascular Dynamics in the Calvarial Bone Marrow
10:49

Intravital Longitudinal Imaging of Vascular Dynamics in the Calvarial Bone Marrow

Published on: April 11, 2025

644

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Measuring and Modeling Contractile Drying in Human Stratum Corneum
08:00

Measuring and Modeling Contractile Drying in Human Stratum Corneum

Published on: March 1, 2017

6.7K
Quantification of Strain in a Porcine Model of Skin Expansion Using Multi-View Stereo and Isogeometric Kinematics
14:14

Quantification of Strain in a Porcine Model of Skin Expansion Using Multi-View Stereo and Isogeometric Kinematics

Published on: April 16, 2017

11.8K
Intravital Longitudinal Imaging of Vascular Dynamics in the Calvarial Bone Marrow
10:49

Intravital Longitudinal Imaging of Vascular Dynamics in the Calvarial Bone Marrow

Published on: April 11, 2025

644

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Cryopreservation using vitrification is crucial for preserving biological samples.
  • Surface deformation during vitrification of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) has been observed experimentally.
  • Understanding these deformations is key to preventing sample damage and improving cryopreservation success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mathematical model for surface deformation during CPA vitrification.
  • To investigate the coupled physical phenomena driving this deformation.
  • To correlate modeling results with experimental observations and explain fracture tendencies.

Main Methods:

  • A multiphysics modeling approach combining heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and solid mechanics.
  • Simulation of CPA vitrification within a vial under controlled cooling conditions.
  • Analysis of temperature gradients, material volume changes, and viscosity variations.

Main Results:

  • Surface deformation is driven by material flow resulting from temperature gradients and viscosity changes.
  • The transition of CPA from liquid to amorphous solid state leads to arrested flow and mechanical stresses.
  • Model predictions show good qualitative agreement with experimental data on surface deformation.
  • The study highlights the influence of heat convection in early cooling stages.

Conclusions:

  • The multiphysics model accurately captures surface deformation during CPA vitrification.
  • Deformation is a consequence of thermomechanical properties and cooling dynamics.
  • Findings support explanations for fracture initiation from deformed surfaces in vitrified samples.