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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Transformable vesicles for cancer immunotherapy.

Shuang Wang¹, Xiaoming Hu², Wei Wei²

¹State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Bei-Er-Tiao, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, PR China.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

|July 31, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Transformable vesicles offer a revolutionary approach to cancer immunotherapy by precisely delivering agents to maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects. This review explores stimuli-responsive vesicles for enhanced cancer treatment via immune cell activation and tumor microenvironment modulation.

Keywords:

Cancer immunotherapy Immune activation Immunogenic cell death Stimuli-sensitive Transformation Tumor microenvironment Vesicles

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Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

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Published on: September 23, 2021

Enhancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Extracellular Vesicles (CAR-EV) Technology: The Future of Cancer Therapy

Enhancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Extracellular Vesicles (CAR-EV) Technology: The Future of Cancer Therapy

Published on: September 19, 2025

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Cancer Immunotherapy

Background:

Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the immune system for treatment, requiring precise delivery of therapeutic agents.
Vesicles are promising drug delivery tools, capable of encapsulating diverse therapeutic molecules.
Stimuli-responsive, transformable vesicles are crucial for overcoming challenges in multi-stage drug transport for immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review various vesicle types employed in cancer immunotherapy.
To describe stimuli that trigger vesicle transformation and resulting changes.
To highlight recent advances in transformable vesicles for tumor treatment, focusing on immune activation, tumor microenvironment modulation, and immunogenic cell death.

Main Methods:

Literature review of vesicle types and stimuli-responsive transformations in immunotherapy.
Analysis of transformable vesicles targeting antigen-presenting cell (APC)/T cell activation.
Review of vesicles for tumor microenvironment (TME) amelioration and immunogenic cell death (ICD)-induced immunotherapy.

Main Results:

Various vesicle types are utilized for immunotherapy delivery.
Specific stimuli induce vesicle transformations, altering their properties for targeted delivery.
Transformable vesicles show potential in enhancing APC/T cell activation, modifying the TME, and promoting ICD for tumor treatment.

Conclusions:

Transformable vesicles represent a significant advancement in cancer immunotherapy delivery systems.
Further research and clinical translation are needed to fully realize the potential of these advanced drug delivery platforms.
Stimuli-responsive design is key to optimizing vesicle performance across different stages of cancer therapy.