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Revealing Electromechanical Control of Tissue Homeostasis Using a Two-Layer Microfluidic Device
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What do cells regulate in soft tissues on short time scales?

Jonas F Eichinger1, Daniel Paukner2, Roland C Aydin3

  • 1Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany; Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.

Acta Biomaterialia
|July 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cells regulate contractile forces on the extracellular matrix (ECM) to maintain mechanical homeostasis in tissues. This finding clarifies cellular micromechanics and tissue-level biomaterial properties over short timescales.

Keywords:
Cell-matrix interactionsDiscrete fiber modelHomeostasisMechanoregulationMechanosensing

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Area of Science:

  • Mechanobiology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cellular Mechanics

Background:

  • Cells in soft tissues maintain a stable mechanical state, known as mechanical homeostasis.
  • Cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are crucial for this process.
  • The specific cellular targets and mechanisms of mechanical homeostasis remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate which quantities individual cells regulate during ECM interactions.
  • To understand how cellular micromechanical regulation influences tissue-level biomaterial properties.
  • To identify the target quantity cells regulate for mechanical homeostasis on short timescales.

Main Methods:

  • Combination of experimental approaches.
  • Theoretical analysis.
  • Computational modeling.

Main Results:

  • On short timescales (hours), cells do not regulate ECM stress/strain or their own shape.
  • Cells primarily regulate the contractile forces they exert on the surrounding ECM.
  • This regulation of contractile forces is a likely candidate for the target quantity in mechanical homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Cells actively regulate their contractile forces on the ECM to maintain tissue mechanical homeostasis.
  • Understanding this cellular behavior is vital for comprehending tissue integrity and disease progression.
  • This study provides a foundational insight into cellular mechanobiology and its impact on biomaterial properties.