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Neurodevelopment of preterm infants with glucose and sodium abnormalities

Hui-Ying Yang1, Cheng-Han Lee1, Hsiao-Neng Chen1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.

Pediatrics and Neonatology
|August 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

High peak serum sodium levels in premature infants are linked to poorer cognitive development. This finding highlights the importance of monitoring electrolytes in very low birth weight infants for long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Abnormalities in blood glucose and serum sodium in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
  • Limited data exist on the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes related to these electrolyte disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between peak and nadir blood glucose and serum sodium levels and neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants.
  • To identify potential risk factors for adverse neurodevelopment in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 284 VLBW infants (birth weight <1500 g) was conducted.
  • Peak and nadir blood glucose and serum sodium levels during hospitalization were analyzed.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (BSID-III) at 6, 12, and 24 months corrected age.

Main Results:

  • A total of 284 VLBW infants were eligible, with follow-up assessments at 6, 12, and 24 months.
  • Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significantly lower BSID-III cognitive scores in infants with a peak serum sodium level ≥150 mmol/L compared to those with levels below 150 mmol/L.

Conclusions:

  • A peak serum sodium level of ≥150 mmol/L is associated with impaired cognitive outcomes in VLBW infants.
  • Further research is needed to establish causality and understand if this association reflects disease severity.
Abstract

Keywords:
glucoseneurodevelopmental disorderspreterm infantssodiumvery low birth weight

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