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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Multifunctional T cell response in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Shuang Qin1, Ruiqi Chen1, Yujie Jiang1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.

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Active tuberculosis patients show reduced T cells but increased CD8+ T cell cytotoxic markers. Multifunctional T cells may migrate to the lungs, aiding in disease monitoring.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health threat.
  • Understanding T cell immune responses is crucial for managing TB.
  • Investigating multifunctional T cells offers insights into pulmonary TB pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate T cell immune status in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
  • To determine the role of multifunctional T cells in active pulmonary TB (APTB).
  • To compare immune profiles across APTB, latent TB infection (LTBI), cured TB (CPTB), and healthy controls (HCs).

Main Methods:

  • Recruitment of 30 APTB, 30 LTBI, 25 CPTB patients, and 25 HCs.
  • Utilized flow cytometry to analyze T cell phenotype and function.
  • Employed CBA Flex Set for chemokine level measurements.

Main Results:

  • APTB patients exhibited lower CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts but increased CD8+ cytotoxic markers (granzyme A, B, perforin) compared to HCs and LTBI patients.
  • APTB patients showed more differentiated Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells and higher frequencies of multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
  • Multifunctional CD4+ T cells were more prevalent in pleural fluid than peripheral blood of APTB patients, with decreased CXCR3 expression and increased chemokine ligands (MIG, IP-10, I-TAC) in plasma and pleural fluid.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced T lymphocytes in APTB may lead to compensatory CD8+ T cell activation.
  • Multifunctional CD4+ T cells likely migrate to lung tissue via CXCR3 and chemokine interactions.
  • Multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are significant biomarkers for monitoring TB treatment efficacy.