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Orbital Growth is Associated with Eyeball Size: A Study Using CT-based Three-dimensional Techniques.

Fuxiang Ye1, Yongrong Ji2, Yuhong Chen1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Current Eye Research
|August 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Eyeball and orbit size grow rapidly in childhood, reaching maturity around ages 9 and 13. Orbital shape changes with age, and eyeball size influences orbital growth, with this relationship diminishing over time.

Keywords:
Orbital growtheye sizeeye-orbit indexorbital indexthree-dimensional reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Craniofacial anatomy
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • Understanding the growth and interrelationship of the eyeball and orbit is crucial for diagnosing and managing various ophthalmic and craniofacial conditions.
  • Previous studies have often relied on 2D imaging, limiting the precise assessment of 3D volumetric and morphological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the growth patterns of the eyeball and orbit in a Chinese population.
  • To analyze the relationship between eyeball and orbit size and shape throughout development.
  • To utilize computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional (3D) techniques for precise volumetric and morphological analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 175 Chinese patients who underwent craniofacial or orbital CT scans.
  • 3D reconstruction of CT images to obtain detailed eyeball and orbit parameters.
  • Analysis of growth trends and correlations between ocular and orbital dimensions across different age groups.

Main Results:

  • Both eyeball and orbit volume increased significantly with age in early postnatal years, with critical turning points around 9 and 13 years, respectively.
  • Orbital shape indices (orbital index and orbital depth index) showed a significant decrease with age, indicating changes in orbital aperture and wall morphology.
  • A strong positive correlation was observed between eyeball size and orbit size across all ages (p < 0.001).
  • The eye-orbit index, representing the ratio of eye volume to orbital volume, demonstrated a steady decline with age (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • The eyeball and orbit exhibit rapid growth in early childhood, followed by maturation at specific critical ages.
  • Eyeball size is a significant determinant of orbital growth, although this influence appears to wane with age as indicated by the decreasing eye-orbit index.
  • This study provides novel insights into the 3D growth dynamics and interrelation of the eyeball and orbit, establishing a baseline for future research and clinical applications.