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Firearms and protective orders in intimate partner homicides.
Vivian H Lyons1,2, Avanti Adhia2,3, Caitlin Moe2,4
1Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Journal of Family Violence
|August 2, 2021
Summary
Most intimate partner homicides (IPH) involve firearms. While protective orders (PO) may reduce risk, firearm removal was rarely documented as a condition in POs, indicating data gaps.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Public Health
- Criminology
Background:
- Intimate partner homicide (IPH) remains a significant public health concern.
- Protective orders (PO) are legal tools intended to prevent violence, but their effectiveness in IPH cases, particularly concerning firearm use, requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze differences in intimate partner homicides (IPH) based on firearm involvement and the prior issuance of a protective order (PO).
- To examine the characteristics of IPH incidents, perpetrators, and victims in relation to firearm use and PO status.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) from 2003-2018.
- Categorized 8,375 IPH incidents by firearm use (yes/no) and PO status (filed/not filed).
- Reviewed incident narratives for documentation of PO conditions, specifically firearm removal.
Main Results:
- The majority of IPH incidents (53.9%) involved firearms and no prior PO.
- Only 3.3% of IPH victims were killed in incidents with a firearm and a prior PO.
- None of the reviewed POs explicitly mentioned firearm removal, and PO documentation was infrequent in incident narratives.
Conclusions:
- Firearm use is predominant in intimate partner homicides.
- While prior protective orders (PO) are associated with intimate partner homicides (IPH), firearm removal was not documented as a condition in the identified POs.
- Incomplete ascertainment of PO status in the NVDRS highlights a need for improved data collection to better assess the efficacy of POs in preventing IPH.
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