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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.4K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
1.4K
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.5K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
2.5K
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

829
Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
829
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

7.9K
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
7.9K
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

760
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
760
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

840
Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
840

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management
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Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management

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A Conformable Two-Dimensional Resistance Temperature Detector for Measuring Average Skin Temperature.

Laura H Namisnak1, Sepideh Khoshnevis1, Kenneth R Diller1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX 78712.

Journal of Medical Devices
|August 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel two-dimensional (2D) resistance temperature detector (RTD) offers superior skin temperature monitoring. This knitted copper magnet wire sensor accurately measures average skin temperature in nonuniform fields, outperforming existing methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Thermal Physiology

Background:

  • Accurate skin temperature monitoring is crucial for thermoregulation research and medical procedures.
  • Existing methods like single-point sensors and infrared thermography have limitations in capturing nonuniform temperature distributions or require optical access.
  • Wearable sensors can be complex to manufacture and may interfere with heat exchange.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel two-dimensional (2D) resistance temperature detector (RTD) for accurate skin temperature monitoring.
  • To assess the performance of the 2D RTD in nonuniform temperature fields, particularly in scenarios lacking optical access.
  • To compare the 2D RTD with existing single-point and wearable temperature sensing technologies.

Main Methods:

  • A 2D RTD was fabricated by knitting copper magnet wire into custom shapes.
  • The 2D RTDs underwent calibration and were compared against 1D sensors and wearable sensors.
  • Analysis included hysteresis, repeatability, and surface area conformation, with resistance-temperature correlation assessed (R² = 0.99).

Main Results:

  • The 2D RTD demonstrated a strong correlation between resistance and temperature (R² = 0.99).
  • The device accurately measured average skin temperature over a defined area under nonuniform thermal conditions.
  • The 2D RTD proved superior to 1D sensors for average temperature in nonuniform fields and did not require optical access.

Conclusions:

  • The knitted 2D RTD is an effective and superior solution for measuring average skin temperature in nonuniform thermal environments.
  • This technology is particularly advantageous for applications like full-body thermal control garments where optical access is limited.
  • The 2D RTD overcomes limitations of existing sensors, offering improved accuracy and practicality for skin temperature monitoring.