Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

15.6K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
15.6K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

16.1K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
16.1K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

13.4K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
13.4K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

9.2K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
9.2K
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

3.0K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Association of Pre-Transplant Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) with the Function of the Kidney Allograft and Antibody Response.

International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease·2026
Same author

Bioinspired silver nanoparticles from <i>Artemisia lerchiana</i> as durable electrodes for next-generation supercapacitors.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Remdesivir may exacerbate ischemic acute kidney injury through molecular alterations in PGC-1α and apoptosis pathways: An in vivo study.

PloS one·2026
Same author

High-Capacitance Gold Nanoparticles from <i>Rhus coriaria</i>: Green Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Evaluation for Supercapacitor Technologies.

Micromachines·2026
Same author

Thioxo-Based Kojic Acid Derivatives as Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors With Antitubercular and Antidermatophytic Potential.

Drug development research·2026
Same author

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Exosomal microRNAs.

Biologics : targets & therapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides
08:39

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides

Published on: September 16, 2020

8.2K

Targeting Mitochondrial Biogenesis with Polyphenol Compounds.

Leila Chodari1, Mutlu Dilsiz Aytemir2,3, Parviz Vahedi4

  • 1Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
|August 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Natural polyphenols can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, essential for cell function and health. This review explores their therapeutic potential for various disorders by modulating mitochondrial pathways.

More Related Videos

Mitochondrial Respiration Quantification in Yeast Whole Cells
07:15

Mitochondrial Respiration Quantification in Yeast Whole Cells

Published on: November 8, 2024

813
Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
08:15

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs

Published on: August 15, 2025

554

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides
08:39

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides

Published on: September 16, 2020

8.2K
Mitochondrial Respiration Quantification in Yeast Whole Cells
07:15

Mitochondrial Respiration Quantification in Yeast Whole Cells

Published on: November 8, 2024

813
Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
08:15

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs

Published on: August 15, 2025

554

Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial physiology and cellular adaptation
  • Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial biogenesis
  • Therapeutic potential of natural compounds

Background:

  • Mitochondrial function is crucial for cellular health and survival, requiring adaptation to stress and metabolic changes.
  • Mitochondrial biogenesis, regulated by ATP generation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, impacts inflammation, aging, cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Polyphenols, abundant in plants, possess therapeutic properties and influence intracellular pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review on the effects of natural polyphenol compounds on mitochondrial biogenesis signaling pathways.
  • To explore the potential of polyphenols as therapeutic agents for various disorders by modulating mitochondrial function.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on plant-derived polyphenols and their impact on cellular energy homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating polyphenol effects on mitochondrial biogenesis.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways modulated by different classes of polyphenols.
  • Synthesis of data from various plant kingdoms regarding polyphenol bioactivity.
  • Focus on regulation of ATP generation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance.

Main Results:

  • Polyphenols from diverse plant sources demonstrate the ability to modulate key signaling pathways governing mitochondrial biogenesis.
  • Specific polyphenol compounds influence cellular ATP production and mitochondrial DNA integrity.
  • Evidence suggests a role for polyphenols in mitigating pathologies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Natural polyphenols represent a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in disorders linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Modulating mitochondrial biogenesis through polyphenol consumption offers a potential strategy for enhancing cellular health and treating disease.
  • Further research into specific polyphenol mechanisms can unlock novel treatments for metabolic and age-related diseases.