Atypical Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease in a Pediatric Patient Successfully Treated with Rituximab

Classic antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is an exceedingly rare but extremely aggressive form of glomerulonephritis, typically caused by autoantibodies directed against cryptic, conformational epitopes within the noncollagenous domain of the type IV collagen alpha-3 subunit. Pathologic diagnosis is established by the presence of strong, diffuse, linear staining for immunoglobulin on immunofluorescence microscopy. Recently, patients with atypical clinical and pathologic findings of anti-GBM disease have been described. These patients tend to have an indolent clinical course, without pulmonary involvement, and laboratory testing rarely reveals the presence of anti-GBM antibodies. Specific guidelines for the treatment and management of these patients are unclear. Here, we describe a case of atypical anti-GBM disease in a young child who presented with hematuria and prominent proteinuria. Throughout the course of his illness, creatinine remained normal. He was conservatively treated with steroids and rituximab, resulting in resolution of his clinical symptoms and normalization of laboratory findings.